{"id":8394,"date":"2024-06-28T14:00:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T14:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/?p=8394"},"modified":"2024-07-03T13:25:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T13:25:37","slug":"vidyut-dhara-ka-rasayanik-prabhav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/vidyut-dhara-ka-rasayanik-prabhav\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0928\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>

\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (chemical effect<\/strong>) \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 (Michael Faraday<\/strong>) \u0928\u0947 1934 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 ( NaCt ), \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f ( CuSO ), \u0938\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f ( AgNO )<\/strong> \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 <\/a>\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/p>

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\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 ( Electrolysis ) <\/h2>

\u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 (chemical solution<\/strong>) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917 – \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0917\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/p>

\"\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924
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\u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (Electric current<\/strong>) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 , \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948- CuSO4<\/sub>, Cu++<\/sup> +SO4<\/sub> — H2<\/sub>O \u2192 H+<\/sup> + OH-<\/strong><\/p>

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\u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930- Cu++<\/sup><\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0909\u0928 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928 Cu \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Cu++<\/sup> + 2e–<\/sup><\/strong> \u2192<\/strong> Cu <\/strong>.<\/p>

\u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930-<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 SO4<\/sub>—<\/sup><\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e OH- \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 Cu \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 , \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 Cu<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 Cu++<\/sup><\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 , \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 2 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Cu \u2192 Cu++<\/sup> + 2e–<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>

\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f Cu++<\/sup><\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Cu++<\/sup><\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e SO4<\/sub>—<\/sup><\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>

\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/h2>
  1. \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u094d\u092f ( Electrolytes )<\/strong>– \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 <\/li>
  2. \u0906\u092f\u0928 ( Ion )-<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/li>
  3. \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 – \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 ( Anode – Positive Electrode )-<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0928 ( + ) \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>
  4. \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921- \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 ( Cathode – Negative Electrode )<\/strong>– \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 , \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090b\u0923 ( – ) \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>
  5. \u090b\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928 ( \u090f\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0928 ) ( Anions )<\/strong>– \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u090b\u0923 ( – ) \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/li>
  6. \u0927\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0928 ( \u0915\u0948\u091f\u093e\u092f\u0928 ) ( Cations )<\/strong>– \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u0928 ( + ) \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/li>
  7. \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915 ( Chemical Equivalent )<\/strong>– \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 ( \u090f\u091f\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 ) \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d E – A \/ V \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 E = \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915 , A = \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935 V \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>
  8. \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915 ( Electro Chemical Equivalent )- <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094b E.C.E. \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b\u0964 \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 kg \/ c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>
  9. \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0924\u093e ( Valency )<\/strong>– \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>
  10. \u0906\u092f\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 ( lonization )-<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e
    • \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930<\/li>
    • \u0907\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e <\/li>
    • \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
    • \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930 ( Atomic Weight )-<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0930 23 \u0939\u0948 , \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0947 23 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917 – \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2981,10816],"tags":[11764,11763,11758,11760,11759,11752,11754,11761,11762,11756,11753,11755,11757,11765],"class_list":{"0":"post-8394","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-electrician-course","8":"category-electrician-theory","9":"tag-2----","10":"tag-11763","11":"tag-11758","12":"tag-11760","13":"tag-----3","14":"tag-11752","15":"tag-----2","16":"tag-----4","17":"tag------2","18":"tag-----6","20":"tag-----5","21":"tag-----7","22":"tag-11765"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8394\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}