{"id":1761,"date":"2024-07-11T06:18:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T06:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/?p=1761"},"modified":"2024-06-29T18:05:38","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T18:05:38","slug":"metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/metal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"0-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\">\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2><p>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 (compound) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 (process) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 , \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0932\u0917 &#8211; \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092d\u0940  \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 metals) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947-\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (properties) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE\">\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/h2><p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 (metal) \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091b\u0942\u0928\u0947\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-i%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-\">(i)\u0930\u0902\u0917 <\/h3><p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 ; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0940\u0924\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 <\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-ii%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE\">(ii)\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/h3><p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (structure) \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u092a\u093f\u091f\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 , \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 ; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 , \u0915\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-iii%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-\">(iii)\u092d\u093e\u0930\/\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 <\/h3><p>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 (Earth) \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947) \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\u0928\u094b\u091f:- \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0920\u094b\u0938 (solid metals) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e , \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-iv%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5--\">(iv)\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935  <\/h3><p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924, \u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (relative density) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-v%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-\">(v)\u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 <\/h3><p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (density) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0938\u0940\u0938\u093e, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e (gold) \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-vi%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-\">(vi)\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 <\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (magnetism) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-vii%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(vii)\u0917\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (temperature) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 (melting point) \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-viii%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(viii)\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e (conductivity) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 (electric) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u0921\u093c (nonmetal rod) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 (insulater) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-ix%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95\">(ix)\u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915<\/h3><p>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e (opacity) \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"11-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE\">\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/h2><p>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 (mechanical properties) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"12-i%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(i)\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0918\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0935 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e (hardness) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0935 \u0932\u0948\u0921 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 (some metals) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0930\u091a\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"13-ii%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(ii)\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u095c\u0947-\u091f\u0941\u0915\u095c\u0947  \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e (brittleness) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a, \u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u095c\u0947-\u091f\u0941\u0915\u095c\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"14-iii%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(iii)\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e, \u092a\u0940\u0924\u0932, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<br> \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930 (wire) \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br> <strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f-<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e (gold), \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"15-iv%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(iv)\u091a\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u095c\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0930\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u095c\u0924\u093e (toughness) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u095c \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u091f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928, \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br> \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e (brittleness) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091b\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u095c\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0925\u094c\u095c\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0901\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"16-v%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(v)\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 (force) \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e (elasticity) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"17-vi%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(vi)\u0938\u0941\u0918\u091f\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e (elasticity) \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br> \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0918\u091f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u092e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 (sheets) \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"18-vii%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(vii)\u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u092a\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e (malleability) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e (gold) \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"19-viii%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A5%9D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(viii)\u0926\u0943\u095d\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0947 \u0935 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930  \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0926\u0943\u095d\u0924\u093e (tenacity) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"20-ix%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7\">(ix)\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (impact resistance) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"21-x%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(x)\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0949\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e (machineability)  \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932 (force) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"22-xi%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7\">(xi)\u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/h3><p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u091d\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (fatigue resistance) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"23-xii%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE\">(xii)\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u092c-\u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/hi.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"\u092a\u0930 (opens in a new tab)\">\u092a\u0930<\/a> \u0926\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092b\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u092f\u0924\u093e (compressibility) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u092c-\u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u095c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u094c\u095c\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 (width) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u092c-\u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p style=\"background-color:#ccc12e;color:#3d12ea\" class=\"has-text-color has-background\"><strong>More Information:- <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%87%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"background-color:#f2df0a;color:#560bf7\" class=\"has-text-color has-background\"><strong>More Information:-<a href=\"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/metals-questions-and-answers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" &quot;Metals&quot; \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 (opens in a new tab)\"> &#8220;Metals&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"background-color:#ac9d2b;color:#d81417\" class=\"has-text-color has-background\"><strong><em>My Website:- iticourse.com<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":152,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[2349,2353,2358,2355,2356,2357,2338,2333,2334,2339,2332,2340,2337,2336,2335,2342,2344,2343,2341,2345,2346,2352,2351,2347,2348,2350,3293,2354,3305,3307,3306,3294,3296,3297,3299,3301,3303,3302,3298,3304,3295,3300],"class_list":["post-1761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fitter-course","tag-iti-course-admission","tag-iti-course-age-limit","tag-iti-course-benefits","tag-iti-course-book","tag-iti-course-book-pdf","tag-iti-course-branches","tag-iti-course-details-2019","tag-iti-course-details-after-10th","tag-iti-course-details-after-12th","tag-iti-course-details-in-english","tag-iti-course-details-in-hindi","tag-iti-course-duration","tag-iti-course-duration-after-12th-science","tag-iti-course-duration-in-hindi","tag-iti-course-duration-time","tag-iti-course-fees","tag-iti-course-full-form","tag-iti-course-kya-hai","tag-iti-course-list","tag-iti-course-list-in-hindi","tag-iti-courses-after-10th","tag-iti-courses-after-10th-class","tag-iti-courses-after-10th-fail","tag-iti-courses-after-10th-in-hindi","tag-iti-courses-after-12th","tag-iti-courses-and-duration","tag-metal","tag-what-is-a-iti-course","tag-3305","tag-3307","tag-3306","tag-3294","tag-3296","tag-3297","tag-3299","tag-3301","tag-3303","tag-3302","tag-3298","tag-3304","tag-3295","tag-3300"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1761\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iticourse.com\/olds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}